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Australian houses built between 1840 and 1860 are relatively simple, whether terraced or free standing. Usually sited close to the footpath, they have one or two rooms across the front, with one room sometimes projected forward in freestanding houses. Their appearance is formal but plain, with simple or no verandahs and restrained ornamentation.
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While retaining a similar form to its earlier Victorian precursors, this era of house design is distinguished by a greater level of ornamentation. There is an increased use of block fronted weather boards, while decorative brickwork is prevalent in fashionable houses of the period. Verandahs, particularly those with timber frames, are common and often incorporate cast iron lacework and patterned tile floors.
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As wealth and confidence increased, houses still resemble earlier Victorian types in form, but assume a much grander, ornate appearance incorporating elements of the Italianate and filigree styles. Freestanding houses usually have one projecting room while terraces have a flat front wall but tall ornamented parapets and projecting wing walls at each end of the verandah. Both types, but particularly terrace houses, are sited fairly close to the street
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Derived from English and American styles that revived elements from the architecture of Queen Ann`s reign (1702-14), these picturesque houses are deliberately complex, creating a kind of vigorous grandeur. Most are freestanding and set well back from the street, but terraced versions do exist. Plans invariably have one room projected forward, often with others projecting sideways from the main body of the house.
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Also known as Federation style, houses built at this time draw on both Victorian and Queen Anne features. They follow a similar plan to Victorian houses, but are set further back from the street. Many Mid-Victorian ornaments are still used, but houses are less grand than in the Boom Period, due to the impact of the depression of 1892.
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With variants that include Indian and Tudor revival as well as the Californian original, these rugged and cosy looking houses combine Arts and Crafts concepts with the ideal of the simple house in a natural setting. More rustic than preceding styles, most are single storey with simple L-shaped plan and set well back from street.
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After the Great Depression of the 1930s, single storey detached houses predominate. Set well back from the street on fairly large blocks, they exhibit a simplicity of style that reflects both economic stringency and the move towards modernism. Building forms are simple and fairly austere with limited embellishment, although the influence of a number of decorative styles such as Spanish Mission, Georgian Revival and Art Deco is apparent.
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